tribes and villagers in ilam have had significant historical importance. the dynasties that ruled over iran until the age of pahlavi relied on their tribal power and villagers were their main forces and protected the borders against adversaries. during eight years of the iraqi invasion (1359-1367) the revolutionary guards, iranian army, basij, gendarmerie and the revolution committee forces tha...

Background & Aim: Indigenous knowledge is a part of the unique culture of each country, which has been adapted to the environmental conditions of a particular ecosystem through experience and it has gradually become as a part of the social and productive culture of that community. The purpose of this study was to collect medicinal herbs and treatments associated with gastrointe...

the current article is a research on the classification of the potteries found from a scientific excavations of jafar abad kurgans. kurgans are kind of graves that are mostly unknown which were paid less attention than other sites in iran. research on the potteries that are found in the graves enable us to identify some aspects of cultures moreover gives us insight into thoughts, beliefs, faith...

In Late Antiquity Arabia, under the Byzantine and Sassanid states, there are many decentralized nomadic or sedentary tribal political structures in addition to centralized organizations. There constant conflicts wars between tribes. reasons for their such as booty, blood feud, revenge, border violations. All these relative multiplicity of show that inter-tribal a form life pre-Islamic period. T...

This article examines the phenomenon of settled and nomadic culture symbiosis, a distinctive feature ancient Tanais – one eminent centres Bosporan kingdom. The authors analyses peculiarities intercultural interaction between Hellenic population tribes Don region Sarmatians Meots in this particular geocultural region. Moreover, research is devoted to main attributes Outstanding Universal Value b...

IN a recent article relating to early nineteenth-century Bible translation and printing in Mongolian, Professor Bawden mentions in the text of his article and again in a footnote,' a medical handbook translated from Russian into Kalmuck which was published in 1823. This book is now in the library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. The Kalmuck tribes constituted one of the ma...

There is a global commitment to eliminate trachoma by 2020.1 Many different governmental and non-governmental agencies, in conjunction with industry, are working hard to achieve this aim. It relies on implementing the whole SAFE strategy: surgical treatment for trichiasis (S), widespread distribution of antibiotics (A), face-washing with other hygiene measures (F), and environmental improvement...