The simulation of planar elongational flow in a nonequilibrium steady state for arbitrarily long times has recently been made possible, combining the SLLOD algorithm with periodic boundary conditions for the simulation box. We address the fundamental questions regarding the chaotic behavior of this type of flow, comparing its chaotic properties with those of the well-established SLLOD algorithm...

Amodular particle–continuum numerical method is used to simulate steady-state hypersonic flow over a hollowcylinder-flare geometry. The resulting flowfield involves a mixture of rarefied nonequilibrium flow and high-density continuum flow. The hybrid particle–continuummethod loosely couples direct simulationMonte Carlo andNavier– Stokes methods, which operate in different regions, use different...

A hypersonic laminar flow over double wedges with a fixed forward angle of 15° and varied aft angles is studied using computational fluid dynamics global stability analysis (GSA) at free-stream Mach number 12.82 total enthalpy 21.77 MJ/kg. The specific high enough to trigger evident vibrational excitation air chemistry. To assess the effects thermal chemical nonequilibrium, three different ther...

This Brief Communication is about the study of diatomic gas shock structure based on the nonequilibrium gas-kinetic Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model, where an additional rotational energy relaxation equation is added. The BGK Navier–Stokes flow solver is extended to solve the nonequilibrium gas kinetic model. The numerical solutions are compared with the experiment measurements and direct simu...

Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model" (2011). [1] Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were ana...

A new technique is presented for the numerical solution of quasi-one-dimensional, vibrational and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flows including nonequilibrium conditions both upstream and downstream of the throat. This new technique is a timedependent analysis which entails the explicite finite-difference solution of the quasi-one-dimensional unsteady flow equations in steps of time, starting ...

One-dimensional post normal shock flow calculations are carried out using state-of-the-art thermochemical nonequilibrium models. Two-temperature, four-temperature, and electronic master equation coupling models are adopted in the present work. In the four-temperature model, the rotational nonequilibrium is described by Parker andmodified Parkmodels. In the electronic master equation couplingmod...

Recently a novel concise representation of the probability distribution of heat conducting nonequilibrium steady states was derived. The representation is valid to the second order in the “degree of nonequilibrium”, and has a very suggestive form where the effective Hamiltonian is determined by the excess entropy production. Here we extend the representation to a wide class of nonequilibrium st...

Using a NASA database of state-to-state transition rates for N+N2, master equation studies are performed for various nonequilibrium heat bath conditions. In these master equation studies, relaxation of the rotational and vibrational modes, time variation of chemical composition, reaction rate coefficients, and average rotational and vibrational energy losses due to dissociation are each conside...

In uniform soils that are susceptible to unstable preferential flow, the water saturation exhibits a nonmonotonic profile upon continuous infiltration. This overshoot cannot be described by the conventional Richards equation. Here, solutions to the infiltrations using a popular nonequilibrium extension to the Richards equation are obtained using the traveling wave nature of the saturation profi...