purpose: dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface that results in eye discomfort, visual disturbance, and often ocular surface damage. studies suggest that the prevalence of clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome (des) is 0.4%. to 0.5%, which is highest among women and the elderly. the burden of des can be substantial, affecting visual function, daily act...

A 60-year-old male patient admitted to our clinic with complaints of decreased vision, nyctalopia, and metamorphopsia in both eyes, mainly the left eye. The best-corrected visual acuity was determined as 20/25 on right 20/200 eye Snellen chart. Anterior segment examination normal. Fundus revealed chorioretinal atrophic areas bone spicules around all vascular arcades eyes. Optical coherence tomo...

Abstract With ageing, significant changes occur in all structures of the eye, resulting a variety morphological and functional effects. This review summarises parameters that are within normal ageing process order to distinguish them from true disease processes. Understanding eye will help understand some visual problems experienced by population.

The present study introduces a rare case with secondary glaucoma due to anterior chamber lipoma and uveitis in a Pekingese dog in Iran. A four-year-old castrated male Pekingese dog was referred to the private clinic with impaired vision of the left eye, pain, rubbing the left eye onto carpet, presence of a milkycoloured mass into the anterior chamber, and loss of appetite. The clinical examinat...

conjonctival myiasis- this is an exceptionally rare disease in iran. we found one case due to . which after removal of the larvea- cleared completely, and the eye became normal.