There was an inexplicable upsurge in the incidence of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae among hospitalized patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India, between February and March 1996. Of the 18 strains of V. cholerae isolated during this period, 15 belonged to the non-O1, non-O139 serogroups (4 belonged to O144, 3 belonged to O11, 1 each belonged to O6, O8, O12, O19, ...

UNLABELLED Genes carried on the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) pathogenicity island of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroup strain AM-19226 must be precisely regulated in order for bacteria to cause disease. Previously reported results showed that both T3SS function and the presence of bile are required to cause Caco2-BBE cell cytotoxicity during coculture with strain AM-19226. We therefor...

Homeobox genes are master regulatory genes that specify the body plan and control development of many eukaryotic organisms, including plants. We isolated and characterized a cDNA designated ATML1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana meristem L1 layer) that encodes a novel homeodomain protein. The ATML1 protein shares high sequence homology inside and outside of the homeodomain with both the Phalaenopsis O...

Abstract Aim The HerniaSurge guidelines concerning mesh and fixation options in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) groin hernia repair are based on studies focusing either or fixation. We hypothesized that the value of such recommendations is limited by lacking knowledge how interact. present registry-based nationwide cohort study compared different m...

ecause a large number of tourists come to  Mashhad, this city has a high potential for the development of tourism-related activities. Therefore, it is necessary to equip resources for tourism activities and investment in this regard. Despite the highest tourism potential in Mashhad, there are great opportunities for the tourism industry, which has not been fully identified and has not been made...

1Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5247 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan. 2Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, K...