this paper presents a new optimization algorithm to design an optimal proportional, integral, derivative (pid) controller in hydro-turbine generator governor for damping output frequency oscillations. in this research, we utilize a stochastic and optimal based pid controller to control frequency-response of the hydro turbine. the proposed algorithm is employed to design an optimal pid controlle...

The dual mixed refrigerant (DMR) cycle, which pre-cools natural gas with the mixed refrigerants and then liquefies the natural gas with another set of mixed refrigerants, is well known for having the highest efficiency among the liquefaction cycles. Its possible application to LNG FPSO is also extensively investigated. In this study, the optimal operating conditions, such as the equipment’s flo...

in recent years, biosurfactants due to wide applications in chemical, petroleum, food andpharmaceutical industries, have been widely considered by researchers. biosurfactants are produced by aseries of microorganisms, so it is important to screen culture medium and operating conditions in miniaturized bioreactors prior to scaling up to large bioreactors.in this study, using a kind of miniaturiz...

A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the modified benzene alkylation process. Based on the previous studies, the modified process increases ethylbenzene selectivity and decreases energy consumption at the same time. The inlet ethylene flow rate of each alkylation reactor is optimized in order to reduce the chance of transalkylation reactions but increase ethylbenzene selectivity. The byprodu...

Trimethoprim (TMP) is a pharmaceutical compound, which commonly found in the water environment. The UV/chlorine process forms several reactive species, including hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and chlorine to degrade contaminants. influencing factors optimal operational conditions for degradation of TMP by were investigated. was much faster as compared UV alone or free process. A kinetic model develop...

the aim of this study was production and partial purification of α-amylase enzyme by bacillus licheniformis. b. licheniformis was allowed to grow in broth culture for purpose of inducing α-amylase enzyme. optimal conditions for amylase production by b. licheniformis are incubation period of 120 h, temperature of 37 °c and ph 7.0. the α-amylase enzyme was purified by ion exchange chromatography ...

The SiO2 supported cobalt-iron nano catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method. This research investigated the effects of (Co/Fe) wt.%, different Co/Fe ratio at different temperature and loading of KCl wt.% for Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The results were showed that the catalyst containing 50 wt.% (Co/Fe)/SiO2 (Co/Fe ratio is 70/30) which promoted with 0.6 wt.% KCl is an optimal nano ca...