Food records or 24-hour recalls are currently used to calibrate food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and to correct disease risks for measurement error. The standard regression calibration approach requires that these reference measures contain only random within-person errors uncorrelated with errors in FFQs. Increasing evidence suggests that records/recalls are likely to be also flawed with s...

In this paper we introduce a module that combines person name recognition and reference resolution for German. Our data consisted of a corpus of Alpine texts. This text type poses special challenges because of a multitude of toponyms, some of which interfere with person names. Our reference resolution algorithm outputs person entities based on their last names and first names along with their a...

We conducted 2 experiments to examine how mothers structure directions to young children for finding hidden objects and how young children use these directions to guide their searches. In Experiment 1, we examined the reference frames mothers use to communicate with their 2.5-, 3-, and 3.5-year-old children about location by asking mothers to verbally disambiguate a target hiding container from...

A representationalist analysis of strong first-person phenomena is developed (Baker 1998), and it is argued that conscious, cognitive self-reference can be naturalized under this representationalist analysis. According to this view, the phenomenal first-person perspective is a condition of possibility for the emergence of a cognitive first-person perspective. Cognitive self-reference always is ...

Reference values play an important role in establishing whether, in an individual, measured volumes fall within a range to be expected for a healthy person of the same sex, similar stature, age, and other characteristics. Hence, reference values should be chosen that are appropriate to the person being investigated. Ideally, the reference values should be consistent; in the context of this pape...

Reference values play an important role in establishing whether, in an individual, measured volumes fall within a range to be expected for a healthy person of the same sex, similar stature, age, and other characteristics. Hence, reference values should be chosen that are appropriate to the person being investigated. Ideally, the reference values should be consistent; in the context of this pape...

Geocomputation is an emerging field of research that advocates the use of computationally intensive techniques such as neural networks, heuristic search, and cellular automata for spatial data analysis. Since increasing amounts of health-related data are collected within a geographical frame of reference, geocomputational methods show increasing potential for health data analysis. This paper pr...

global greenhouse gas emissions from 2000 to 2010 has grown more quickly (2.2%/yr) than in the previous three decades (1.3%/yr). china accounts for approximately 23% of global co2 emissions and the household sector is considered the major contributor. this study conducts a time series analysis of a per person household carbon emissions (hces) in china during 1995 to 2011. annual macroeconomic d...