In the petroleum supply chain, oil refined products are often delivered to distribution centers by pipelines since they provide the most reliable and economical mode of transportation over large distances. This paper addresses the optimal scheduling of a complex pipeline network with multiple branching lines. The main challenge is to find the optimal sequence and time of product injections/deli...

Enzymatic conversion of all-trans-beta-carotene to retinal by a partially purified enzyme from rabbit and rat intestinal mucosa was demonstrated. The enzymatic product was characterized based on the following evidence: (i) The product gave rise to its O-ethyloxime by treatment with O-ethylhydroxylamine with an absorption maximum at 363 nm in ethanol characteristic of authentic retinal O-ethylox...

Development of downstream operations in the Iran's petroleum industry has always been considered as a necessity in to create more value-added. One of ways to accomplish the misson, especially in the current situation, is exploiting the capacity of petroleum startups. Considering that these companies need to be valued for financing, and since the traditional valuation methods do not provide effi...

Luis A. Soto*, Alfonso V. Botello, Sergio Licea-Durán, Marcial L. Lizárraga-Partida and Alejandro Yáñez-Arancibia 1 Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F., México 2 Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico 3 Instituto...

Pipelines provide an economic fluid transportation mode for petroleum systems, especially when large amounts of petroleum derivatives have to be pumped for long distances. The system reported in this paper is composed by an oil refinery, one multiproduct pipeline connected to several depots and to the local consumer markets that receive large amounts of oil products. Extensive distances must be...