A large tranche of contemporary bioethical inquiry is self-consciously focused on purpose and methodology. Bioethics is a field of disparate disciplines, and it is not always clear what role the philosopher plays in the wider scheme. Even when philosophical reflections can, in principle, find application in the real world (and often, in bioethics, there is too heady a degree of abstraction for ...

in shiite school, imamate is one of the self-evident doctrinal principles, which is on the same level as prophethood. during the history of shiism, many thinkers and intellectuals have considered this principle in philosophical and theological terms. they have comprehensively elaborated on the characteristics of those, who hold this position. thus, the transcendental theosophy, as one of the ma...

This article discusses the undertaking of research using a constructivist philosophical framework and ethnographic techniques, which can include individual interviews, focus groups, observation, and questionnaires. It begins with a broad overview of social sciences research philosophy, discussing both positivism and interpretivism, before moving on to focus on the constructivist paradigm, which...

Most people sooner or later experience dilemmas or uncertainties involving questions of meaning, purpose, value, and fulfillment. Such questions emerge in the context of relationships, career, momentous change, personal responsibility, aspiration or disappointment, and decision-making under risk or potential conflict of interest. Normal problems of living are not regarded as “diseases”; rather,...

In this paper we introduce three methods to approach philosophical problems informationally: Minimalism, the Method of Abstraction and Constructionism. Minimalism considers the specifications of the starting problems and systems that are tractable for a philosophical analysis. The Method of Abstraction describes the process of making explicit the level of abstraction at which a system is observ...