The Conventions and US jurisprudence. Hawken and Kulick (2) dispute my assertion that in setting up legal nonmedical markets Washington and Colorado clearly contravene the conventions. I acknowledge my assertion was too strong, if it is read as implying that US courts would necessarily decide this way. Hawken and Kulick conclude that nations “with federal systems of government” are not bound by...

after the iranian mashrooté revolution, the shiite political thought faced a new era of much attention, contemplation and explanation, when religious scholars embarked on a new research project to address the new situation. the most serious attempt to deal with the theoretical gap and crisis in islamic state was contributed by imam khomaini. in his theory of state, he conjoined the shiite princ...

Foundation and management of the newlyestablished Islamic Republic of Iran system based on Imam Khomeini’sintellectual bases, including God-centeredness, obligation- centerednessattitudes, and as...

Raja Ali Haji is best-known as the author of famous poem "Gurindam Dua Belas", even though he authored some other important poetries and proses that are often overlooked. In fact, wrote a vast number subjects in variety literary genres ranging from culture, history, politics, jurisprudence to language. While researchers such Junus, Putten, Andaya, Syam, have been concerned mainly with his works...

fiqh (islamic jurisprudence) is known as the knowledge of life in islamic literature. so, political fiqh is usually defined as a go-between and coherent adaptor of faith and politics in islamic communities. in this article, i outline the general anatomy of political fiqh and attempt to provide a productive paradigm for understanding islamic society's politics. i concentrate in particular o...

Humans are a coalitional, parochial species. Yet, extreme actions of solidarity are sometimes taken for distant or unrelated groups. What motivates people to become solidary with groups to which they do not belong originally? Here, we demonstrate that such distant solidarity can occur when the perceived treatment of an out-group clashes with one's political beliefs (e.g., for Leftists, oppressi...