Evolutionary models measure the probability of amino acid substitutions occurring over different evolutionary distances. We examine various evolutionary models based on empirically derived amino acid substitution matrices. The models are constructed using the PAM and BLOSUM amino acid substitution matrices. We rescale these matrices by raising them to powers to model substitution patterns that ...

Given the substitution process of generators using renewable energy sources instead of conventional generators in modern power systems, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. At first, LOLE index of the system was calculated without wind power to obtain the reference index. Then, the wind turbine units are replaced with the conventional gene...

This is an article about the methodology of substitution in problem solving mathematics. The operative use depends on two things: equation or situation which variables appear, a change variable, and second, variable effective only if makes expression easier to understand it possible solve problem. Substitution will be successful original has symmetry especial property that explore, proficiency ...

We study about the intermediate propositional logics obtained from the intuitionistic propositional logics by adding some axioms. We define the simple substitution property for a set of additional axioms. Hitherto have been known only three intermediate logics that have the additional axioms with the property, and in this paper, we add one more example, that is, we give new axioms with the prop...

Substitution boxes with thorough cryptographic strengths are essential for the development of strong encryption systems. They are the only portions capable of inducing nonlinearity in symmetric encryption systems. Bijective substitution boxes having both high nonlinearities and high algebraic complexities are the most desirable to thwart linear, differential and algebraic attacks. In this paper...