Background: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG) as valuable biochemical biomarkers are used to screen down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy. Closed immunoassay analyzers are regarded as sophisticated platforms to measure biochemical biomarkers. This study compared the performance of...

background: there are varieties of purification techniques for separation of human plasma proteins such as salting out, ion exchange chromatography, and ethanol fractionation. there are limitations for each method, for example in salting out method, the salt has to be removed in an additional step. ion exchange chromatography is difficult for scaling up, and plasma fractionation is a time consu...

Background: Preclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality which accounts for 5%-10% deaths worldwide. Several studies have attempted to effectively predict preclampsia early in pregnancy. The effective method detection treatment are yet be determined. Early identification women at risk would enhance prompt monitoring both mother fetus. International Federation Gynaecology o...