Biaxially oriented CaF2 films have been created by first using an oblique incidence vapor flux to deposit CaF2 onto an amorphous surface to form vertically aligned nanorods which served as seeds to grow a more continuous CaF2 capping layer under a subsequent normal incidence flux deposition. The entire film possesses a unique {111}/121S biaxial texture as shown by X-ray pole figure analysis and...

The concept of programmable cascaded low-pass filter method of flux vector synthesis has been introduced in the literature [1]. In this paper, the idea will be expanded, analyzed, improved, and then applied to a stator flux oriented 100-kW electric vehicle drive. It was verified that the flux estimation works well at zero speed finite torque start-up mode and lowand high-speed field weakening r...

Globally, the year 2003 is associated with one of the largest atmospheric CO2 rises on record. In the same year, Europe experienced an anomalously strong flux of CO2 from the land to the atmosphere associated with an exceptionally dry and hot summer in Western and Central Europe. In this study we analyze the magnitude of this carbon flux anomaly and key driving ecosystem processes using simulat...

We consider a model of nonintersecting flux lines in a rectangular region on the lattice Zd, where each flux line is a non-isotropic self-avoiding random walk constrained to begin and end on the boundary of the region. The thermodynamic limit is reached through an increasing sequence of such regions. We prove the existence of several distinct phases for this model, corresponding to different re...

geomagnetic field is a one of the candidates for creation of anisotropy in azimuth distribution of extensive air showers over the entered cosmic rays to the atmosphere. here we present the question: is there any azimuth anisotropy flux in the upper level of the atmosphere due to the geomagnetic field over the entered cosmic-rays? the obtained answer is: yes. this investigation showed an agreeme...