Although many authors claim that argumentation is a process, in most models the procedural side of argumentation is restricted to the definition of a procedural framework that is able to compare arguments. This paper elaborates on the procedural side of argumentation. A distinction is made between structural and procedural arguments. Structural arguments arecharacterizedbytheirspecificstructure...

background: learning of clinical skills in the intensive care unit (icu) is important for nursing students. “direct observation of procedural skills (dops)” is a modified objective method in the field of medical sciences, and we conducted this study with the aim of investigating the effect of evaluation using dops method on learning practical skills among nursing students in the icu. materials ...

introduction: direct observation of procedural skills (dops) is a way of evaluating procedural skills through observation in the workplace. the purpose of this study was to assess the role of dops in teaching and assessment of postgraduate students and to know the effect of repeated dops on improvement of the skills and confidence of the students. methods: this prospective study was conducted i...

The placement of vegetation plays a central role in the realism virtual scenes. We introduce procedural models (PPMs) for urban layouts. PPMs are environmentally sensitive to city geometry and allow identifying plausible plant positions based on structural functional zones an layout. can either be directly used by defining their parameters or learned from satellite images land register data. Th...