Abstract The defense against plaintiff can be done in two deferent ways: denial of claim and challenging it (substantive defense) and objection to violation of procedural laws (formal or procedural defence). Each of these methods has its own nature and consequences. The subject of this paper is determination the scope of procedural defense and finding a criterion recognizing it from substant...

Abstract This research was administered with the aim of investigating the relationship between distributive and procedural justice and organizational identification with cooperation among teachers in the City of Esfahan 389 teachers (112 men and 277 women) were selected from the population. Research instruments were: Distributive Justice Questionnaire (DJQ), Procedural Justice Questionnaire (P...

Introduction: Student self-assessment is one of the methods of assessing procedural skills that complements existing assessments in dentistry. This study was designed to evaluate prosthetic procedural skills in senior dental students using the self-assessment method. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the level of practical skills of 127 senior dental students of Yazd, Esfahan...

the present study sought to investigate the role of dynamic assessment (da) in improvement of iranian efl writing performance at different language proficiency levels. to this end, after conducting the quick placement test, 60 iranian efl learners were assigned to two groups with different language proficiency levels. in both groups each participant wrote two compositions, one before and one af...

Introduction: Fair distribution of wage, benefits and reward also considering justice in decision making is an influential factor on nurse’s behavior toward patients and customers. The main purpose of this research was to determine relationship between perceived distributive and procedural justice, and customer-oriented behavior in nurses. Methods: This is a correlation (path analysis) cross - ...

  Background and aims: Femalenurses are among people who exposed to various stressors because of their critical job conditions. This exposure predisposes them to stress and emotional exhaustion. One of the important stressors in nurses' workplaces is injustice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of injustice on stress and emotional exhaustion in a multilevel model.   Methods: ...