objective: children with autism have sitting and on-task behavior problems in class. therefore, the effects of three alternative classroom-seating devices such as regular classroom chairs, therapy balls, and air cushions were examined on students’ classroom behavior. material and method: fifteen autistic students participated in this a-b-a-c multiple treatments, semi-experimental study. student...

background: classroom behaviors are disturbed in autistic students because of their repetitive, restlessness, and disruptive behaviors. this study aimed to examine the impacts of sitting on a ball, cushion, and/or common chair on classroom behavior of four students with autism spectrum disorder (asd). methods : four children with autism participated in this single-subject study. students’ behav...

Purpose To assess the diversity of leadership bodies member organisations International Council Ophthalmology (ICO) and World Optometry (WCO) in terms of: (1) proportion who are women all world regions, (2) ethnic minority men Eurocentric high-income regions. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional study board members chairs ICO WCO using desk-based assessment organisation websites during Februa...

AIMS To establish whether the incorrect use of bouncy chairs (BC) and car seats (CS) is a significant cause of injuries in babies. METHODS Prospective study over a 12 month period. All babies under the age of 1 year, presenting to the department with a head injury were eligible. RESULTS A total of 131 cases were recorded, 17 (13%) of which were associated with either BC or CS, the second la...