Like other cancer therapy agents under development, radionuclide therapies are usually evaluated in a progressive series of clinical trials after basic science, human cell culture and animal model studies. Toxicities during these trials are graded using common scoring systems that are in widespread use such as the Common Toxicity Criteria from the National Cancer Institute. Information on norma...

Iodine-131 (131I) plays an important role in the management of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers. Post-thyroidectomy ablation therapy with 131I is performed to destroy the small amount of thyroid tissue remaining in the neck after surgery [8,14]. The use of radioiodine for ablation has been shown to decrease the risk of recurrence, increase the sensitivity of post-ablation whole...

Stereotactic body radiation therapy constitutes an emerging therapeutic paradigm. These treatments are unique relative to the large body of experience with conventional fractionated radiotherapy. On the basis of the treatment principles of intracranial stereotactic radiation combined with enhancements associated with immobilization and imaging, the role of extracranial treatment continues to ev...

More than two third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presented with advanced stage (III and IV) [1]. The majority of patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC are unfit for radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) either due to the presence of extensive intrathoracic disease, poor performance status or significant comorbidities. Many patients with metastatic lung cancer and locally a...

A conventional course of radiation for squamous cell carcinoma in the United States is generally 70 Gy in 7 weeks, with a once-daily dose of 1.8 to 2 Gy. This schedule has a modest success rate in curing head and neck cancer. The past several decades have seen numerous investigations into altering this schedule to optimize the results of radiation. Two approaches, founded on radiobiologic princ...

prediction of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-based composite is one of the important issues which should be addressed reasonably. a proper modeling approach is a multi-scale technique starting from nano scale and lasting to macro scale passing in-between scales of micro and meso. the main goal of this research is to develop a multi-scale modeling approach to extract mechanical propert...