p2x7 receptors are purineric receptors that are extracellular atp-gated ion channel. these receptors require high dose or prolonged exposure to atp for initial activation. the activation of these receptors facilitates the formation of inflammasome which activates caspase 1. the p20 and p10 subunits of caspase 1 form active enzyme that then releases active interleukin (il)-1 β and il-18, tumor n...

this investigation was designed to determine the effect of intact ovalbumin and mannose-conjugatedovalbumin on the prevention of salmonella typhimurium adherence to the epithelium of small intestine ofchickens. mannose-conjugated ovalbumin was produced by maillard-type reaction between chickenovalbumin and d-mannose at 60°c. the results revealed that incubation up to 96 hrs caused the highestam...

ryanodine receptor abnormalities has implicated in the generation and maintenance of seizure. dantrolene, a selective ryanodine receptor antagonist, may be a potential drug for the prevention of seizure. therefore, we aimed to clarify the protective effects of dantrolene against pentylenetetrazole seizure in mice. male albino mice were received an intra-peritoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol...

ba ckground: liver cancer is one of the deadly cancers with high prevalence in the east asia. likewise most of diseases, herbs and herbal medicine could be an easy and cost effective tool in prevention and possible cancer treatment. the present study investigated the ability of orthosiphon stamineus benth decoction to protect liver against hepatocellular carcinoma in carcinogenesis-induced anim...

long-term potentiation (ltp) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that induced by specific patterns of synaptic activity and has an important role in learning and memory. the first clue of the potential role of glutamate receptors in ltp was in 1991 with the observation that the mglur agonists 1-amino-1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (acpd), increased ltp. studies have shown that acpd induc...

background: during recent years, infection of acinetobacter baumanii showed a rapid growth in hospitals and community. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the most important pattern recognition receptors, which play a critical role during recognizing invading pathogens by the natural immune system. our objective was to determine the associations of tlrs polymorphisms with the susceptibility to a. ba...

background: endometriosis is a complex disorder in reproductive age women which consist of stromal and epithelial cells implantation outside the uterine cavity. adiponectin is a member of cytokine family with various metabolic roles and proliferation inhibition of many cancer cells. the aim of the present research was to determine adiponectin effect on human endometriotic stromal cells (escs) p...

background hbv infection is a serious public health problem worldwide, which can contribute to the incidence of chronic hepatitis b (chb), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). objectives in the present report, we assessed the association between adiponectin, its receptors and hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation with hepatitis b virus. patients and methods liver biopsies from...

objective(s): targeting the neuropeptide systems has been shown to be useful for the development of more effective antipsychotic drugs. neurotensin, an endogenous neuropeptide, appears to be involved in the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. however, the available data provide conflicting results and the mechanism(s) by which antipsychotics affect brain neurotensin neurotransmission have no...