Advances in bacterial cell biology have demonstrated the importance of protein localization for protein function. In general, proteins are thought to localize to the sites where they are active. Here we demonstrate that in Escherichia coli, MurG, the enzyme that mediates the last step in peptidoglycan subunit biosynthesis, becomes polarly localized when expressed at high cellular concentrations...

Differential games with asymmetric information were introduced by Cardaliaguet (2007). As in repeated games with lack of information on both sides (Aumann and Maschler (1995)), each player receives a private signal (his type) before the game starts and has a prior belief about his opponent’s type. Then, a differential game is played in which the dynamic and the payoff function depend on both ty...

previous case histories have shown that soil liquefaction severely damaged many structures supported on pile foundations during earthquakes. as a result, evaluating the potential for instability is an important consideration for the safe and resistant design of deep foundation against earthquakes. in this study, the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sand interacting by single concrete pi...

We address the problem of finding conditions which guarantee the existence of open-loop Nash equilibria in discrete time dynamic games (DTDGs). The classical approach to DTDGs involves analyzing the problem using optimal control theory which yields results mainly limited to linear-quadratic games [1]. We show the existence of equilibria for a class of DTDGs where the cost function of players ad...

In this paper, we deal with games with fuzzy payoffs. We proved that players who are playing a zero-sum game with fuzzy payoffs against Nature are able to increase their joint payoff, and hence their individual payoffs by cooperating. It is shown that, a cooperative game with the fuzzy characteristic function can be constructed via the optimal game values of the zero-sum games with fuzzy payoff...

It was a quarter of a century ago that Sobolev proved the reduced game (otherwise called consistency) property for the much-discussed Shapley value of cooperative TUgames. The purpose of this paper is to extend Sobolev’s result in two ways. On the one hand the unified approach applies to the enlarged class consisting of game-theoretic solutions that possess a so-called potential representation;...

This article by modeling a non-cooperative dynamic game tries to improve profitability and competition. This paper has considered how the manufacturer interacts with multiple competitor distributors. Each distributor also determines the optimal distribution price and inventory replenishment policies to maximize their profits. The issue form a non-cooperative dynamic game. Distributors formulate...

when evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. so, senior manager and budget...

Shipment consolidation has been advocated by researchers and politicians as a means to reduce cost and improve environmental performance of logistics activities. This paper investigates consolidated transport solutions with a common shipment frequency. When a service provider designs such a solution for its customers, she faces a trade-o : to have the most time-sensitive customers join the cons...