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OBJECTIVE To assess quality of storage of vaccines in the community. DESIGN Questionnaire survey of general practices and child health clinics, and monitoring of storage temperatures of selected refrigerators. SETTING Central Manchester and Bradford health districts. SUBJECTS 45 general practices and five child health clinics, of which 40 (80%) responded. Eight practices were selected for...

Meat and bone meal (MBM), a product of the rendering industry, is a potential feedstock for numerous bio-based applications. Design of processing equipment for MBM is difficult due to MBM's bulk behaviors; it flows less easily than many other granular materials, and it tends to foul the surfaces of processing equipment. This study examines the major factors contributing to MBM's poor bulk behav...

Prof. Francisco Artés is an agricultural engineer (UPV, Valencia) and refrigeration engineer (IFFI, Paris). He is Director of the Plant Biotechnology Institute (since 2001), Professor of Food Technology and Head of the Postharvest and Refrigeration Group (PRG) at the Department of Food Engineering of the Technical University of Cartagena. He was Director (1992-1994) of CEBAS (Centre for Applied...

Exergy and thermoeconomic analyses are herein employed to evaluate the proposed refrigeration cycle of Tabriz olefin plant. The exergetic and exergoeconomic variables of all equipment and streams are calculated. Thermoeconomic model is developed according to the total revenue requirement (TRR) method. The results indicate that the rational efficiencies of the Heat Exchanger E-104 and compressor...

the purpose of this paper is multi-objective optimization of refrigeration cycle by optimization of all components of the cycle contains heat exchangers, air condenser, evaporator and super-heater. studied refrigeration cycle is compression refrigeration cycle of unit 132 third refineries in south pars that provide chilled water for cooling refinery equipment's. cycle will be performed by ...

For most of the last fifty years, refrigeration and heat pump systems have been based on cycles using a fluorocarbon as the working fluid. Hovvever, with the discovery that fluorocarbons may have a profoundly detrimental effect on the earth ·s atmosphere. it has become necessary to find a suitable replacement for a fluorocarbon based refrigeration cycle. Such a replacement must perform comparab...

Introduction: The air-conditioning and refrigeration industry is well on its way towards the design and commercialization of systems using R134a as the preferred environmentally acceptable replacement for CFC-12 in many applications. The industry is now turning some of its attention to replacements for HCFC-22. The US Clean Air act and its subsequent amendment calls for phaseout of CFCs by the ...

The refrigeration industry has been in a state of flux primarily because of the phase-out of ozone-depleting CFC refrigerants, and secondarily because of recent advances in compressor technology. This paper contains a review of current substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs which are under consideration by the compression refrigeration industry, an assessment of their characteristics related to choice ...

In order to eliminate the internal condensation of enclosed switchgear cabinet, this paper introduced a subminiature and high-performance dehumidifier based on semiconductor refrigeration technology. This equipment utilized a Fuzzy self-tuning PID intelligent controller to monitor the humidity change in the cabinet continuously and judged the dehumidifier start-stop automatically. Besides, real...