Ammonia can be applied to any type and size of refrigeration system from domestic refrigeration to commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning to industrial refrigeration. However, it is desirable to minimize the charge to prevent toxic effects and, sometimes to use secondary refrigerants, such as volatile carbon dioxide, to keep ammonia away from the general public. This article describes a ...

Reciprocating compressors play a key role in the today industry. They are vital machines in various units of industrial plants from air compression units to refineries, gas processing plants, petrochemical facilities, refrigeration systems, LNG units and so on. They are the most efficient and the most common type of compressor. Advantages of new technologies compared to old-fashion designs for ...

â liquefied natural gas (lng) is the most economical way of transporting natural gas (ng) over long distances. liquefaction of ng by using vapor compression refrigeration system requires high operating and capital cost. due to lack of systematic design methods for multistage refrigeration cycles, the conventional approaches of determining optimal cycle configuration are mostly based on trial-an...

Getting products to market in a timely manner offers companies the opportunities of competitive advantage. To achieve `timely delivery in a knowledge-based industry requires more than simply capturing knowledge and storing it for re-use. The use of knowledge management systems, it is argued can be use strategically to improve make-span processes and thus enable competitive advantage. This resea...

According to the demand of the power and refrigeration industry, the theoretical and practical teachings of the Thermal Energy and Power Engineering characteristic specialty in china are studied. The teaching reform and practice of the Thermal Energy and Power Engineering specialty have been carried out, including construction and reform measures, teaching reform and practice, features, and ach...

It is well-known that HCFC refrigerants widely used in today’s air conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) industry will soon be phased out, mainly due to their ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) and global warming potentials (GWPs). The timetable established through international agreement and national legislation calls for a 65% reduction of HCFC consumption based on 1989 level by January 1, 201...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a simulation tool, which uses powerful computer and applied mathematics to model fluid flow situations for the prediction of heat, mass and momentum transfer and optimal design in industrial processes. It is only in recent years that CFD has been applied in the food processing industry. This paper reviews the application of CFD in food processing industries...

The commercial food sector, including agriculture, food manufacture transport and retailing is responsible for 22% of the UK’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Food distribution and retail accounts for approximately one third of this, with food transport which includes motive power and refrigeration estimated to be responsible for 1.8 % of total emissions [1]. Road transport refrigeration equipm...

The thermodynamic and thermo-economics models for three-pressure absorption-ejector hybrid refrigeration system are set up. The thermo-economical analysis model of the system is considered in two cases of high-temperature heat resources: waste heat resources and natural gas fuel are presented. The performances of the system in two modes of the running hours per year (600h and 1000h) are calcula...