Ideas from the life sciences and the physical sciences, particularly the ideas that ecosystems, the planet itself, and even the cosmos are interconnected and ‘organismic’, have in uenced the development of sustainability discourse. Sustainability advocates strategically deploy such scienti c concepts through subtly spiritualized language and metaphors to advance their arguments. Even when the l...

Throughout history until today, the Islamic world has been witness to various movements which have been formed in response to special demands. The current article aims to address the similarities and differences between the political thought[1] of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and two movements in Indonesia namely the Nahdatul Ulama (NU) and the Muhammadiyah movements using a descriptive-compa...

The closing decades of the twentieth century witnessed a sharp transition in the grand themes that had provided the context for development thought and practice during the previous half century. The process of political decolonization was followed by concerns about the implications of the globalization of economic activity. The fall of the Berlin Wall, which signaled the end of the Cold War, el...