The objective of this paper is to introduce models to determine an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient strategy for Saudi Arabia’s water supply system to meet its projected demand in 2025. This paper uses cost minimizing and production maximizing approaches to build the models. The water management system is divided into three processes–desalination, distribution, and wastewater treatment. ...

The need to establish power plants to supply the required electricity of the country has been rising due to increasing demand levels as well as the lack of governmental resources. Furthermore, the available traditional attitude in performing and conducting power plant projects has made government seek a modern attitude. This paper tries to use the topics that have been employed in automotive in...

The huge deficiency of electricity due to heavy reliance on imported fuels has become a significant impediment to socio-economic development in Pakistan. This scenario creates an increase in local fuel prices and limits potentials in the establishment of new industrial zones. The current gap between the demand and production of electricity in Pakistan is approximately 5000–8000 MW with a consta...

Make your home solar is going to be reality within few years. Rooftop PV has been developed by Germany, Spain and Italy with the encouragement Feedin -Tariff system for early attaining towards grid parity. The rates of solar PV has been drastically reduced in recent years and approaching towards the grid parity. There has been increasing trend of grid connected residential rooftop PV worldwide ...

Demand prediction is an important aspect in the development of any model for electricity planning. The analysis of customer load profile and load estimation is an important and useful area of electricity distribution technology and management. In our system we are trying to analyze particular household data so as to define its load profile based upon various factors and try to predict its futur...

Electrical consumption in a household is not stable but changeable in one day throughout a whole year. The consumption depends onweather, seasons and users. This characteristic of demand makes it difficult to design and build a distributed power generation system to meet the demand for a household. For this reason, a stand-alone distributed power generation system (DPGS) needs to be carefully d...

Earth, water, air, food, shelter and energy are essential factors required for human being to survive on the planet. Among this energy plays a key role in our day to day living including giving lighting, cooling and heating of shelter, preparation of food. Due to this interdependency, energy, specifically electricity, production and distribution became a high tech industry. Unlike other industr...

The major task of a grid operator is perfectly balancing the demand of all customers at any instant with supply. One of the facets of the Smart Grid vision is tackling the problem of balancing demand with supply using strategies that act on the demand side. With the deployment of intelligent ICT devices in domestic environments, homes are becoming smarter and able to optimise the electricity co...