On July 1, 1996, Employment Insurance (EI) replaced the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program.1 Although the two programs are broadly similar, there are some important differences, including the differential treatment of frequent and occasional claimants and the introduction of an income top-up for low-income recipients with children under EI. Overall, these reforms bring more restrictive benefit...

reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Practitioner's Abstract While not ignoring risk, agricultural cooperatives tend to accommodate risk through the holding of internal capital reserves rather than engage in active risk management. A lack of information regarding the ...

Environmental taxation very often comprises special provisions for parts of the business sector in order to attenuate effects on competitiveness of emissionintensive activities. This paper discusses motives, alternative designs and criteria for the evaluation of such safeguards and analyzes if such provisions can reconcile environmental and economic objectives. It looks at theoretical aspects a...

This paper develops and tests a theory of insurers' choice of the mix of equity and liabilities. The role of equity in insurance markets (and in our model) is to back insurers' promises to pay claims when there is aggregate uncertainty, or dependence among risks. Depending on the nature of this aggregate uncertainty, the equity held by rms in a competitive insurance market may increase with ris...

The policyholder dividend of participating insurance is essentially different from the usual equity and bond profit. There are disputes on taxing methods in theory and practice, and different countries adopt different taxing methods. This paper designs a basic framework of the personal income tax system on participating insurance policy. This policy is based on the reality that the participatin...

This article, adapted from a summary of the 1983 Annual Reports of the Medicare Boards of Trustees, presents the present and projected future actuarial status of the Hospital Insurance (HI) and Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds following the enactment of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 and the Social Security Amendments of 1983. Although the Trustees charact...

This paper examines how the price and quantity of treatment for privately insured patients are related to expansions in Medicaid eligibility. A theoretical model shows that when hospitals face an increasing number of Medicaid patients, the quantity of private treatment will decrease. When new Medicaid patients previously did not have insurance, private prices theoretically increase. The predict...

Risk theory tells us if an insurer can effectively pool a large number of individuals to reduce the total risk, he then can provide the insurance by charging a premium close to the actuarially fair rate. There is, however, a common belief that the risk can be effectively pooled only when the random loss is independent, so that crop insurance markets cannot survive without government subsidy bec...