Two trials were conducted to identify the optimal levels of essential oil active components (EOAC) and their combination with fumarate on in vitro rumen fermentation. In trial 1, eugenol, carvacrol, citral and cinnamaldehyde were mixed at ratios of 1:2:3:4, 2:1:4:3, 3:4:1:2, 4:3:2:1 and 1:1:1:1 to make up five combinations (EOAC1, EOAC2, EOAC3, EOAC4 and EOAC5 respectively). The mixtures were s...

The current study was conducted to examine the ability of using natural additives to manipulate rumen fermentation, improve nutrient utilization and animal performance in growing male buffalo calves. Sixteen buffalo calves of 12-14 months of age weighing 170 ±9.6 kg were divided into 4 groups, 4 animals / each. Caraway seed and garlic powder were added to calves basic diet (control) at levels o...

Hydrogen is a central metabolite in rumen fermentation and its partial pressure is an important determinant of rumen methanogenesis. The balance of hydrogen ion (H+) and dissolved hydrogen gas (H2) concentrations directly determine the redox potential of the rumen and therefore the possible extent of oxidation of feedstuffs. Differential permeability of the bacterial membrane to H+ and H2 means...

Fermentation of grain in the rumen and the digestion of starch in the small intestine are influenced by both animal and grain characteristics. Two assays were established to determine the importance of grain characteristics on fermentation and enzyme digestion. To simulate microbial fermentation in the rumen finely milled samples of grain were incubated in rumen fluid and the end products of fe...

High throughput sequencing was used to examine the rumen microbiota of sika deer fed high (OLH) and low concentration (OLL) of tannin rich oak leaves. The results showed that Prevotella spp. were the most dominant bacteria. The most predominant methanogens were the members of the order Methanoplasmatales. The dominant rumen protozoa were Entodinium longinucleatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, and Epid...

the aim of this research was to study the in vitro effect of lavandula officinalis (leo) and origanum vulgare (oeo) essential oils on rumen fermentation using a concentrate type substrate (cts) and roughage type substrate (rts). six mehraban ewes were divided into 2 groups and fed a concentrate type or roughage type diet, and used as rumen fluid donors. each essential oil (eo) was evaluated sep...

The rumen is an open fermentation chamber, inhabited by microorganisms that anaerobically digest complex components of feedstuffs and generate fermentation products (mainly acids) and microbial cell mass for utilization by the host. The absorption of fermentation products, mainly VFA, from the rumen into the blood, and outflow of microbial cells to the abomasum and small intestine provide the a...

Short term in vitro incubations were used to evaluate the effect of fumaric acid bentonite coupled addition on rumen fermentation effeciency. Ruminal contents from five steers were used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms that were used in generatation of three treatment systems, negative control, fumaric acid treated, and fumaric acid – bentonite coupled treated. The fer...

This paper deals principally with alteration to the physical form of forage diets and the effect on rumen fermentation. When a forage crop is cut and conserved there are possibilities of (a) changing the physical and chemical characteristics of the forage before it is given and (b) of combining the forage with other food components. T o produce a ruminant ration of high nutrient potential both ...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Hanwoo steers. The experiment was conducted as a duplicated Latin square design with six Hanwoo steers (600±47 kg), each permanently fitted with a ruminal cannula. There were three treatments; i) control (concentrates 4.8 kg +rice straw 1.2 kg/d...