In this paper we introduce the simultaneous membership problem, defined for any graph class C characterized in terms of representations, e.g. any class of intersection graphs. Two graphs G1 and G2, sharing some vertices X (and the corresponding induced edges), are said to be simultaneous members of graph class C, if there exist representations R1 and R2 of G1 and G2 that are “consistent” on X ....

A graph is a 1-join composition if its vertex set can be partitioned into four nonempty sets AL; AR ; SL and SR such that: every vertex of AL is adjacent to every vertex of AR; no vertex of SL is adjacent to vertex of AR∪SR; no vertex of SR is adjacent to a vertex of AL∪SL. The graph sandwich problem for 1-join composition is de9ned as follows: Given a vertex set V , a forced edge set E, and a ...

This paper investigates the difference between thickness of zinc-based alloys oxide films in dynamic condition using the oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) sandwich method and static condition by theoretical calculations. In dynamic condition, the thickness of the oxide film in the OMO sandwich sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the static condition, the thickness and type ...

Vibration behavior of different types of porous functionally graded (FG) conical sandwich shells are investigated based on a modified high order sandwich shells theory for the first time. Sandwich shell includes FG face sheets covering a homogeneous core and the second one includes homogeneous face sheets and a FG core. Power law rule modified by considering two types of porosity distributions ...

The sandwich estimator, often known as the robust covariance matrix estimator or the empirical covariance matrix estimator, has achieved increasing use with the growing popularity of generalized estimating equations. Its virtue is that it provides consistent estimates of the covariance matrix for parameter estimates even when the tted parametric model fails to hold, or is not even speci ed. Sur...

results in total, 80 food samples suspected of seb contamination were assessed using the two methods. fifty-four samples were contaminated based on the pcr technique and twenty-six of those were confirmed using the strip assay. conclusions the sensitivity of the sandwich method was approximately 10 ng/ml and that of the competitive method was approximately 250 ng/ml. in the lfd, a highly specif...

in this paper, a rectangular sandwich plate with a constrained layer and an electrorheological (er) fluid core is investigated. the rectangular plate is covered an er fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. the two outer layers of the sandwich structure are elastic. the viscoelastic materials express the middle layer behavior under electric field and small st...

Sandwich structures with foldcores are regarded as a promising alternative to conventional honeycomb sandwich structures as lightweight structural materials. One of the proposed applications of foldcore sandwich structures is on the aircraft fuselage and the interstage of a rocket. While flat foldcore sandwich structures have been intensively studied in the literature, there lacks a general des...

We propose a fast penalized spline method for bivariate smoothing. Univariate Pspline smoothers Eilers and Marx (1996) are applied simultaneously along both coordinates. The new smoother has a sandwich form which suggested the name “sandwich smoother” to a referee. The sandwich smoother has a tensor product structure that simplifies an asymptotic analysis and it can be fast computed. We derive ...