Kinetic features of sodium conductance (gNa) and associated gating current (Ig) were studied in voltage-clamped, internally perfused squid axons. Following a step depolarization Ig ON has several kinetic components: (a) a rapid, early phase largely preceding gNa turn-on; (b) a delayed intermediate component developing as gNa increases; and (c) a slow component continuing after gNa is fully acti...

A sequential kinetic resolution catalyzed by halohydrin dehalogenase was employed for the synthesis of two valuable enantiopure building blocks. Resolution of methyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate methylester ((R,S)-2) with use of a Trp249Phe mutant of halohydrin dehalogenase yielded methyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutanoate methylester ((S)-4) with 96.8% ee (40% yield) and (S)-2 with 95.2% ee (41% yield)...

A general three-component triple cascade reaction through an iminium-enamine-iminium sequential activation initiated by a hetero-Michael addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes affords [3.2.0]heterobicycles in high diastereoselectivity. The rate and diastereoselectivity of the reaction depended on the (E)-4-heterocrotonate and size of the secondary amine. The enantiomers of the major diastereoiso...

Kinetic data for the 6'-aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, AAC(6')-4, also named kanamycin acetyltransferase, have been collected for six aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin C1a, kanamycin A, neomycin B, sisomicin, and tobramycin) and three coenzymes (acetyl-CoA, n-propionyl-CoA, and n-butyryl-CoA). The initial velocity pattern using acetyl-CoA favors a ping-pong kinetic mechanism (K...

Pyrolysis is an applicable method that has been widely used to recover hydrocarbons from Used Lubricating Oil (ULO). However, large-scale application of this approach has been limited by its noticeably energy and time consuming nature. In the present research, it has been attempted to modify the energy and time requirements of ULO pyrolysis using the catalytic effects of metal oxide nanoparticl...

Pyrolysis is an applicable method that has been widely used to recover hydrocarbons from Used Lubricating Oil (ULO). However, large-scale application of this approach has been limited by its noticeably energy and time consuming nature. In the present research, it has been attempted to modify the energy and time requirements of ULO pyrolysis using the catalytic effects of metal oxide nanoparticl...