For any given order of stochastic dominance, standard concentration curves are decomposed into contribution curves corresponding to within-group inequalities, between-group inequalities, and transvariational inequalities. We prove, for all orders, that contribution curve dominance implies systematically welfare-improving tax reforms and conversely. Accordingly, we point out some undesirable fis...

the present research measures the household budget of 623 families residing in tehran with the aim of finding out the quality of the family welfare. while at the macro level, social welfare as a new concept is the product of the industrial society, at the micro level, it is accessible through promotion of the household budget. the study employs both qualitative and quantitative research methods...

This paper is concerned about optimal supply levels for a public transport route within an activity-based simulation framework. In a joint optimization of bus headway and fare, we simulate the interaction between users — who choose mode and departure time according to their activities, timetabling and convenience of the public transport service — and a public transport service provider. Differe...

One measure of a Nation’s concern for the well-being of its people is theproportion of the national output that is devoted to social welfare. Articles reviewing the development of social welfare programs in the United States and public spending for these purposes since the midthirties have been presented in the Bulletin for February 1953 and for October 1955. The latter article also brings toge...

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank my committee for all of your help in contributing to the final product of this research paper. Dr. Velazquez, thank you so much for believing in my work and in me as a student. When I started the MPA program, I did so just in hopes of taking a shot at gaining one more tool to create a path for a better life. Because of your help ...

In 1976, for the second fiscal year in a row, public expenditures for social welfare purposes expanded at an abnormally high rate. Even after adjusting the 16-percent increase in aggregate expenditures for price and population changes, the 8-percent real growth rate proves to be the highest since 1971. The $45 billion rise in social welfare expenditures to a total of $331 billion reflects the e...

This study investigates the relationship between the welfare state and poverty with multiple measures of the welfare state and poverty in an unbalanced panel of 18 Western nations from 1967 to 1997. While addressing the limitations of past research, the analysis shows that social security transfers and public health spending significantly reduce poverty. Less robust evidence exists that social ...

This paper offers a broad overview of road pricing from a social welfare perspective. I first examine two common objectives of road pricing: congestion management and profit making. My goal is to provide a guideline explaining how to promote a social-welfare-enhancing road pricing scheme. To this end, we should: (i) consider and improve public transportation systems by providing more environmen...