Smart grids allow automated meter readings and facilitate two-way communications between the smart meters and utility control centers. As the smart grid becomes more intelligent, it becomes increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks. Smart grid security mainly focuses on mutual authentication and key management techniques. An impeding factor in grid security is the memory and processing constraint...

The characteristics of the smart city industry and its effects on the national economy of Korea are investigated using input-output analysis. The definition and industrial classification of a smart city are established using the Delphi technique for experts in various fields, from information and communication technologies (ICT) to governmental policies for urban matters. The results of the ana...

Despite the impressive growth of smart city initiatives worldwide, an organizational theory of smart city has yet to be developed, and we lack models addressing the unprecedented organizational and management challenges that emerge in smart city contexts. Traditional models are often of little use, because smart cities pursue different goals than traditional organizations, are based on networke...

BACKGROUND: A major issue in many gene expressionstudies utilizing small amount of biological materials is thelimited quantity of RNApurified from clinical samples, which isoften used for RT-PCR or standard Northern blot analysis.OBJECTIVES: The SMART cDNA synthesis method and subsequentSMART-cDNA-PCR technique was used to analyse 3genes in macroschizonts of Theileria annulata in small lymphnod...

This paper makes a number of contributions to the field of requirements analysis for Smart Homes. It introduces Use Cases as a tool for exploring the responsibilities of Smart Homes and it proposes a modification of the conventional Use Case structure to suit the particular requirements of Smart Homes. It presents a taxonomy of Smart-Home-related Use Cases with seven categories. It draws on tho...

Against the backdrop of expanding debate on smart cities, objective this paper is to examine what extent and end connection between services cities has been explored in literature, make it. It argued that services, including demand- innovation-driven service development, constitute an essential part broad concept city. Viewed way, serve as one key levers through which grow, develop, build their...