Cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem that specifically affects the adolescent population. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian adolescents has been reported between 2.5 to 17.0% (1). Such a broad range is primarily due to the variety of the definition of “being a smoker”, the age difference of the samples under study and the location where such studies ha...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the use of menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation, amount smoked, and time to first cigarette in the morning. BACKGROUND The majority of African American smokers smoke mentholated cigarettes. Some evidence suggests that African Americans may be more nicotine dependent than whites. One theory is that menthol in cigarettes is responsible for enhanc...

In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and, particularly in those aged 35-54, ischaemic heart disease was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of stroke was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, lung...

BACKGROUND A behavioral phenotype that characterizes nicotine dependence, the time to first cigarette after waking, is hypothesized to increase the risk of lung cancer. METHODS A case-control study of histologically confirmed lung cancer was conducted. The current analysis included 4775 lung cancer cases and 2835 controls who were regular cigarette smokers. RESULTS Compared with subjects wh...

Background and objective:Gingival bleeding reduction in smokers has been associated with decreased blood vessel density. The mechanism of suppressive effect of cigarette smoking on blood vessel density is not precisely defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on angiogenesis by assessing mast cells density and VEGF expression in chronic peri...

Results are given of a case-control study on bladder cancer in West Yorkshire. The aim of the study was to assess what risks exist for cigarette smoking in the United Kingdom and also to investigate if a dose response effect was present. The study shows for the first time in the United Kingdom a positive but weak relationship between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer. Close examination of th...

Of 252 male lung cancer patients, 248 or 98% were cigarette smokers, significantly (P less than .001) more than in the control group (526 = 64% of 839). In relation to the relative risks (RR) of never-smokers, the adjusted (for age, total years smoked, and average number of cigarettes smoked per day) lung cancer RR for smokers who had exclusively smoked cigarettes belonging to group II (15-24 m...

OBJECTIVE To explore relationships between patterns of smoking uptake and social context and attitudinal variables. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING Public schools in Tucson, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico. PARTICIPANTS 982 children in grades 6-9 (ages 11-15 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Items measuring smoking history, nicotine dependence and quit attempts, susceptibility to...

Because of the high prevalence of tobacco use in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, public health officials in many of these countries have designated as a priority the prevention of smoking initiation among youth. In 1995, a nationally representative survey in the Republic of Hungary documented that 35.8% of 16-year-old students in that country had smoked cigarettes during the preceding ...

Keeping adolescents from smoking is a focal issue in tobacco control. To this end, adolescent access laws, which make it illegal to sell cigarettes to minors, and increases in cigarette excise taxes represent seemingly simple, effective, and politically popular policy tools (1,2). Whether either of these measures prevents adolescent smoking, however, depends on their ability to influence adoles...