In social dilemmas, the ability of individuals to coordinate their actions is crucial to reach group optima. Unless exacted by power or force, coordination in humans relies on a common understanding of the problem, which is greatly facilitated by communication. The lack of means of consultation about the nature of the problem and how to solve it may explain why multiagent coordination in nonhum...

Ingroup bias is a hallmark of intergroup relations. A growing body of research is now showing that outgroup bias is also a prevalent phenomenon, particularly among members of low-status groups. This research examines how perceptions of powerful outgroups are affected by their perceived legitimacy, and the ingroup members' gender, social dominance orientation, and conservatism. Based on a sample...

Actively granting food to a companion is called pro-social behavior and is considered to be part of altruism. Recent findings show that some non-human primates behave pro-socially. However, pro-social behavior is not expected in despotic species, since the steep dominance hierarchy will hamper pro-sociality. We show that some despotic long-tailed macaques do grant others access to food. Moreove...

Allostatis is the process of maintaining homeostatis through behavioural or physiological responses to challenges, and its cumulative energetic cost is termed allostatic load. The allostatic load hypothesis predicts that hunger and the mechanisms that establish and maintain social dominance should have a strong impact on allostatic load. In spotted hyaenas, dominance between twin siblings emerg...

The semantic and pragmatic features of the brand as a linguocultural unit are described. relevance study lies in fact that considering linguistic cultural replenishes knowledge about means objectify process interaction between language culture. It has been established assignment this status to is possible when it included system everyday culture acquired one its functions — self-presentation. p...

ABSTR•CT.--Rohwer (1975, 1977) has proposed that members of certain variably-plumaged avian species may use plumage traits to signal potential dominance status to flockmates. Further, he suggests that plumage variability is maintained because cheaters on the system are detected and persecuted. Data reported herein imply that certain external and noticeable traits of Darkeyed Juncos (Junco hyema...

Social species show considerable variation in the extent to which dominant females suppress subordinate reproduction. Much of this variation may be influenced by the cost of active suppression to dominants, who may be selected to balance the need to maximize the resources available for their own offspring against the costs of interfering with subordinate reproduction. To date, the cost of repro...

Is endocrinology at a pivotal point for integrating the effects of the social environment on plasticity in physiology and behavior through changes in gene expression? Sex steroids have a canalizing effect during early sexual differentiation, emphasizing the organizational and longlasting effects of steroid hormones. What about hormonal effects on transcriptional regulation during adulthood? Usi...