This paper challanges the view that weak work norms in generous welfare states makes them economically unsustainable. I develop a dynamic model of family-transmitted values that has a laissez-faire equilibrium with strong work norms coexisting with a social-insurance equilibrium with weak work norms. While the former has better incentives, the latter induces more intergenerational occupational ...

Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), we examine the link between income and subjective well-being. We find that, for the whole sample of nineteen European countries, although income is positively correlated with both happiness and life satisfaction, reference income exerts a negative effect on individual wellbeing. Thus our results lend support to both the absolute and relative inc...

This paper uses player/match level data drawn from five playing seasons of the English Premiership League (EPL) to test for the presence of a refereeing susceptibility to social pressure in the application of soccer’s commonest sanction, the yellow disciplinary card. Using both player-specific fixed and random effects models, tentative support for the proposition is uncovered. The estimated eff...

this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

Research evidence on the impact of relative income position on individuals’ attitudes and behaviour is sorely lacking. Therefore, using the International Social Survey Programme 1998 data from 26 countries this paper investigates the impact of relative income on 14 measurements of social capital. We find support for a considerable deleterious positional concern effect of persons below the refer...

This paper examines the dimensions of social capital in Tehran. The data were collected by means of questionnaire. 2400 residents of Tehran were selected by stratified sampling who were over 15 years old. The theories of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman, and Robert Putnam in definition of social capital are applied. Social capital has been studied in five aspects including associ...

the main aim goal of this paper is estimating time series of social capital in iran. for this aim, first we have reviewed theoretical and empirical literature of social capital, and then we used fuzzy method for estimating time series of social capital. we used latent variable, because social capital is a qualify variable. crime and participation indexes are two related variables with social ca...

JEL Classification Code(s): J 31, J 71) "Perceptions of Discrimination, Effort to Obtain Psychological Balance, and Relative Wages: Can We Infer a Happiness Gradient?" There is a substantial literature that finds a linkage between happiness and relative economic well being as measured by earnings or wages. There is also a well documented racial gap in wages. One explanation for this is disparat...

in this paper, i investigated the determinants of financial development with emphasis on social capital. first, i explain the relationship between financial development and its determinants, then estimate the model with gregory–hansen (1996) and johansen-juselious cointegration techniques in i.r. of iran (1971-2006). the results showed that, inflation and decline in social capital and weak prop...