In an analysis of the stress response of Lactococcus lactis, three proteins that were induced under low pH culture conditions were detected. One of these was identified as the lactococcal superoxide dismutase (SodA) by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The gene encoding this protein, designated sodA, was cloned by the complementation of a sodA sodB Escherichia coli strain. The deduced am...

OBJECTIVE To examine soda consumption and aggressive behaviors, attention problems, and withdrawal behavior among 5-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study is a prospective birth cohort study that follows a sample of mother-child pairs from 20 large US cities. Mothers reported children's behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist at age 5 years and wer...

BACKGROUND Sodas are widely sold in vending machines and other school venues in the United States, particularly in high school. Research suggests that policy changes have reduced soda access, but the impact of reduced access on consumption is unclear. This study was designed to identify student, environmental, or policy characteristics that modify the associations between school vending machine...

OBJECTIVE The current research examined the association between state disfavoured tax on soda (i.e. the difference between soda sales tax and the tax on food products generally) and a summary score representing the strength of state laws governing competitive beverages (beverages that compete with the beverages in the federally funded school lunch programme) in US schools. DESIGN The Classifi...

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, alters its gene expression in response to environmental signals unique to its tick vector or vertebrate hosts. B. burgdorferi carries one superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) capable of controlling intracellular superoxide levels. Previously, sodA was shown to be essential for infection of B. burgdorferi in the C3H/HeN model of Lyme disease...

BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened soda consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk of several chronic inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Whether it plays a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common autoimmune inflammatory disease, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the association between sugar-sweetened s...

A gene encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), sodM, from S. aureus was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence specifies a 187-amino-acid protein with 75% identity to the S. aureus SodA protein. Amino acid sequence comparisons with known SODs and relative insensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and potassium cyanide indicate that SodM most likely uses manganese (Mn) as a cofactor. Th...

Enteric pathogens harbor a set of enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutases [SOD]) for detoxification of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species which are encountered during infection. To analyze the role of the Mn-cofactored SOD (SodA) in the pathogenicity of yersiniae, we cloned the sodA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8 by complementation of an Escherichia coli sodA sodB mutant...

This Note examines New York City's Sugary Drinks Portion Cap Rule (Soda Ban), which was originally set to become effective March 12, 2013. The New York County Supreme Court's decision in New York Statewide Coalition of Hispanic Chambers of Commerce v. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene suspended the Soda Ban on March 11, 2013. The First Department of the Appellate Division of...