Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring biological process in which large numbers of anaerobic bacteria convert organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide (a mixture called biogas) in the absence of air. It is a widely used biological process for treating wastewater solids. This process stabilizes the organic matter in wastewater solids, reduces pathogens and odors, and reduces the tot...

The range of operations on solids supported by current geometric modelling systems is very limited. Typically, solids represented in a modeller can be transformed by rigid motions and combined by Boolean operations. This paper introduces another family of transformations, called solid offsetting, which map solids into solids. Offset solids are expanded or contracted versions of an original obje...

Crystalline solids undergo plastic deformation and subsequently flow when subjected to stresses beyond their elastic limit. In nature most crystalline solids exist in polycrystalline form. Simulating plastic flows in polycrystalline solids has wide ranging applications, from material processing to understanding intermittency of earthquake dynamics. Using phase field crystal (PFC) model we show ...

A technologically and economically feasible process called bioleaching was used for the removal of heavy metals from livestock sludge with indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in this study. The effects of sludge solids concentration on the bioleaching process were examined in a batch bioreactor. Due to the buffering capacity of sludge solids, the rates of pH reduction, ORP rise and metal solub...

In order to fully understand what a given boiler needs for treatment, a basic study of its supply water must be done first. Three types of impurities exist in all supplies and can cause a wide range of problems in boilers and kilns. These impurities are suspended solids, dissolved solids, and dissolved gasses. Water picks up the impurities from the ground it contacts and the air through which i...

Au/CeO₂ solids were prepared by two methods: deposition-precipitation (DP) and impregnation (Imp). The prepared solids were calcined under air at 400°C. Both types of catalysts have been tested in the total oxidation of propylene, toluene, carbon monoxide, and carbon black. Au/CeO₂-DP solids were the most reactive owing to the high number of gold nanoparticles and Au⁺ species and the low concen...

If nuclear reactions happen in solids, heat generated from the reaction center is diffused. In this study, the thermal conduction from the centers of a DD reaction in solids induced by the Bose-Einstein condensation is considered. The voids in solids are assumed as the sites of the reaction centers. The equations of the thermal conduction are solved using Fourier expansion. The calculated resul...

BACKGROUND The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) developed a high-throughput screening method to rapidly identify low-recalcitrance biomass variants. Because the customary separation and analysis of liquid and solids between pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis used in conventional analyses is slow, labor-intensive and very difficult to automate, a streamlined approach we term 'co-hydrolysis' wa...

Refractometric analysis of total solids in serum and urine is simple, accurate, and rapid. Adolph (1) demonstrated the high coefficient of correlation between refractive index and total solids of dog plasma and subsequently employed refractometry as an index of the total solids of human serum (2). Blohm (3), using a dipping refractometer, showed for human urine that the reading given by that fl...

Sewage solids are usually characterized by non-specific parameters such as suspended solids. The suspended solids has been shown to be an inadequate index for advanced water treatment processes. In this study, the sewages solids particle size distribution was used to provide more detailed information on sewage characteristic. It is hoped that, by introducing particle size distribution, the mech...