The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased vitamin D fortification (250 IU/serving) of high-temperature, short-time (HTST)-processed 2% fat milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt on the sensory characteristics and stability of vitamin D during processing and storage. Three replicates of HTST pasteurized 2% fat milk, UHT pasteurized 2% ...

The nature of solids-liquid flows often results in non-uniform profiles of solids volume fraction and axial solids velocity across the flow cross-section. In order to measure the solids volumetric flow rate in these situations it is necessary to measure the profiles of the local solids volume fraction and axial solids velocity and to obtain mean values of the solids volume fraction, solids axia...

Robust statistical tools were applied on the water quality datasets with the aim of determining the most significance parameters and their contribution towards temporal water quality variation. Surface water samples were collected from four different sampling points during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for their physicochemical constituents. Discriminant analysis (DA) provided better results...

Considerable research is focused on understanding the functionality of starch hydrolysis products (SHP) consisting of glucose, maltose, maltooligosaccharides (MOS), and maltopolysaccharides (MPS). A confounding factor in this research is the high molecular dispersity of commercially available SHP. The study presented herein characterizes a flexible fractionation approach for lowering the disper...

Chitosan, a cationic carbohydrate polymer manufactured from chitin in shrimp and crab wastes, coagulated suspended solids in cheese whey as effectively or more so than ten commercial synthetic polymers. Concentrations of suspended solids after settling were reduced over 90% by coagulation at pH 6.0 with a ratio of chitosan to suspended solids of 2.15% (1:46.5). The yield of coagulated solids wa...

The present investigation is based on the idea of intensifying the gas-solids contact in a circulating fluidized bed by introducing obstacles into it. Such obstacles may effectively suppress radial inhomogeneities in the solids flux and concentration, increase the dynamic solids hold-up, and break up solids clusters. This article (Part I) deals with the hydrodynamics (pressure drop and solids h...

To better understand how airways produce thick airway mucus, nonvolatile solids were measured in liquid secreted by bronchi from normal pig, cystic fibrosis (CF) human, and non-CF human lungs. Bronchi were exposed to various secretagogues and anion secretion inhibitors to induce a range of liquid volume secretion rates. In all three groups, the relationship of solids concentration (percent nonv...

Adsorption of cellulase on solids resulting from pretreatment of poplar wood by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycled percolation (ARP), controlled pH, dilute acid (DA), flowthrough (FT), lime, and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and pure Avicel glucan was measured at 4 degrees C, as were adsorption and desorption of cellulase and adsorption of beta-glucosidase for lignin left after enzymatic...

We study the properties of jammed packings of frictionless spheres over a wide range of volume fractions. There exists a crossover volume fraction which separates deeply jammed solids from marginally jammed solids. In deeply jammed solids, all the scalings presented in marginally jammed solids are replaced with remarkably different ones with potential independent exponents. Correspondingly, the...