This paper mainly expounds that using the WINSOCK controller which is provided by VB6.0 to program the procedures in the coop intelligent control system, it introduces the character of the TCP protocol and the UDP protocol, and according to the demands of the system environment to choose the suitable protocol. This system uses the WINSOCK controller and the UDP protocol for network communicatio...

In order to control the spatial error in the finite element solution of a time-dependent partial differential equation we consider an estimate based upon the error in approximating the time derivative of the dependent variable. It is argued that this is the natural property of the spatial part of the solution to control and, as an illustration, a two-dimensional convection-diffusion problem is ...

This paper addresses the design of control charts for both variable ( x chart) andattribute (u and c charts) quality characteristics, when there is uncertainty about the processparameters or sample data. Derived control charts are more flexible than the strict crisp case, dueto the ability of encompassing the effects of vagueness in form of the degree of expert’spresumption. We extend the use o...

We present an approach for pricing of illiquid bonds (and bond derivatives) in an arbitrage-free way and consistently with observed prices of liquid bonds. The basic model is a multifactor term structure model with abstract latent factors. The approach is based on stochastic filtering techniques, leading to a continuous update of the distribution of the latent factors on the basis of the inform...

All power systems have some inherent level of flexibility— designed to balance supply and demand at all times. Variability and uncertainty are not new to power systems because loads change over time and in sometimes unpredictable ways, and conventional resources fail unexpectedly. Variable renewable energy supply, however, can make this balance harder to achieve. Both wind and solar generation ...

We present nine 3.6-cm VLBI observations of the optically violent variable (OVV) flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 0420–014 taken over a period of three years (1989.32– 1992.48); we also show a VLBI map from observations at 43 GHz in 1992.4. We trace jet evolution and variability with individual components. We find superluminal motion with βapp ∼ 2–14c for five jet components. Components ejected m...

Characterisation of the spatial structure of population variables is important for several reasons. Firstly, knowledge of how population subgroups are distributed across spatial scales has direct links to several research areas including analyses of deprivation, residential segregation and health status. For any application concerned with concentrations of members of different groups, spatial s...

This paper uses descriptive statistics and regression analyses to esamine the relationship between exchange rate variability and output volatility in developed countries based on 1961 to 1984 data. The results indicate that a flexible exchange rate system is associated with less, not more, dispersion in output growth across industrialized countries despite a more turbulent global environment. A...

Firms continuously vary the prices of their products in the marketplace. These variations sometimes exhibit consistent patterns, such as higher-priced products having greater price variability. For example, in the grocery industry, more expensive stores tend to have more frequent price changes (Information Resources Inc. 1993). Similarly, with airlines, the lowerpriced, low-frills Southwest Air...