In many applications of color technology such as spectral color reproduction it is of interest to represent the spectral data with lower dimensions than spectral space’s dimensions. It is more than half of a century that Principal Component Analysis PCA method has been applied to find the number of independent basis vectors of spectral dataset and representing spectral reflectance with lower di...

cov(Xi, Xj) := E(Xi − E(Xi))(Xj − E(Xj)), and cov(X) is the d×d symmetric positive semi-definite (psd) matrix whose (i, j)-th entry is cov(Xi, Xj). For now, we’ll define quantities and procedures with respect to cov(X), even though typically in practice, cov(X) can only be estimated (and we’ll come back to estimation issues later). One may also view X as being uniformly distributed over the dat...

rice cultivated areas and yield information is indispensable for sustainable management and economic policy making for this strategic food crop. introduction of high spectral and special resolution satellite data has enabled production of such information in a timely and accurate manner. knowledge of the spectral reflectance of various land covers is a prerequisite for their identification and ...

seismic waves are non-stationary due to its propagation through the earth. time-frequency transformsare suitable tools for analyzing non-stationary seismic signals. spectral decomposition can reveal thenon-stationary characteristics which cannot be easily observed in the time or frequency representationalone. various types of spectral decomposition methods have been introduced by some researche...