in this paper a network comprising alternative branching nodes with probabilistic outcomes is considered. in other words, network nodes are probabilistic with exclusive-or receiver and exclusive-or emitter. first, an analytical approach is proposed to simplify the structure of network. then, it is assumed that the duration of activities is positive trapezoidal fuzzy number (tfn). this paper com...

In this article, an imperfect vendor–buyer inventory system with stochastic demand, process quality control and learning in production is investigated. It is assumed that there are learning in production and investment for process quality improvement at the vendor’s end, and lot-size dependent lead-time at the buyer’s end. The lead-time for the first batch and those for the rest of the batches ...

efficiency in agricultural production is indicative of the efficiency level of farm households in their farming activities. farmers in developing countries do not make use of all the potential technological resources, thus making inefficient decisions in their agricultural activities. herein, technical efficiency in relation with the production of three types of rice crop (boro, aus and aman) w...

This paper considers certain comparison techniques involving Markov chains with transition matrices Pa = aI+(1?a)P where P is the transition matrix of a doubly stochastic Markov chain. This paper provides upper bounds for how far the Markov chain with transition matrix Pb is from uniformly distributed after n steps. These upper bounds involve how far the Markov chain with transition matrix Pa i...

this paper discusses the problem of allocation of constrained renewable resource to splittable activities of a single project. if the activities of stochastic projects can be split, these projects may be completed in shorter time when the available resource is constrained. it is assumed that the resource amount required to accom-plish each activity is a discrete quantity and deterministic. the ...

the problem we investigate deals with the optimal assignment of resources to the activities of a stochastic project network. we seek to minimize the expected cost of the project include sum of resource utilization costs and lateness costs. we assume that the work content required by the activities follows an exponential distribution. the decision variables of the model are the allocated resourc...