Ten-year mortality rates for lung cancer and coronary heart disease have been related to cigarette smoking habits in 17 475 male civil servants aged 40-64 and in sample of 8089 male British residents aged 35-69. Both diseases were more frequent in smokers. Lung cancer rates were higher overall for "non-inhalers", particularly in heavy smokers. Tar yield correlated with the risk of lung cancer i...

In this study, preparation of nano-sized gamma alumina with high specific surface area and high yield by thereaction between aluminum nitrate and sodium carbonate, without using any surfactant is reported. Bohemite (Aluminum oxyhydroxide) was prepared as a precursor by strict control of pH and reaction temperature. The gel produced was purified by washing fol...

Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different shapes, including the zero-dimensional nanospheres, one dimensional nanorods, and two-dimensional nanoplates. Compared to zero or one dimensional nanostructures, the synthesis of two-dimensional nanostructures in high yield has always been more involved, often requiring complex and timeconsuming steps such as mor...

We present and discuss various formalizations of Modal Logics in Logical Frameworks based on Type Theories. We consider both Hilbertand Natural Deduction-style proof systems for representing both truth (local) and validity (global) consequence relations for various Modal Logics. We introduce several techniques for encoding the structural peculiarities of necessitation rules, in the typed λ-calc...

We investigate in this paper the adequate unit of analysis for Arabic Mention Detection. We experiment different segmentation schemes with various feature-sets. Results show that when limited resources are available, models built on morphologically segmented data outperform other models by up to 4F points. On the other hand, when more resources extracted from morphologically segmented data beco...

We present persona-based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation. A speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style. A dyadic speaker-addressee model captures properties of interactions between two interlocutors. Our models yield qualitative performance i...

Although direct manipulation (DM) has been considered a potentially inappropriate interface style for learnware, convincing indication that the problem with DM lies rather on “what is manipulated” than on the “manipulation” itself has been obtained from empirical studies in the domain of Euclidean geometry. A semiotic examination of such findings suggests that there may be theoretically-based c...

This study involves in vitro androgenesis of <sp...