A series of arylidine barbituric acid derivatives was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as a Brønsted acid-surfactant catalyst in aqueous media. Regardless of the nature of the substitution (electron-donating and -withdrawing), all the reactions were completed within 15-65 min in w...

A series of arylidine barbituric acid derivatives was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as a Brønsted acid-surfactant catalyst in aqueous media. Regardless of the nature of the substitution (electron-donating and -withdrawing), all the reactions were completed within 15-65 min in w...

The highly exoergic nucleophilic substitution reaction F(-) + CH3I shows reaction dynamics strikingly different from that of substitution reactions of larger halogen anions. Over a wide range of collision energies, a large fraction of indirect scattering via a long-lived hydrogen-bonded complex is found both in crossed-beam imaging experiments and in direct chemical dynamics simulations. Our me...

Our computational and experimental investigation of the reaction of anisole with Cl2 in nonpolar CCl4 solution challenges two fundamental tenets of the traditional SEAr (arenium ion) mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution. Instead of this direct substitution process, the alternative addition-elimination (AE) pathway is favored energetically. This AE mechanism rationalizes the preferre...