Abstract Introduction/Objective Benchmarking establishes baseline laboratory utilization patterns across health systems. Nicholas et al. (2021) recently evaluated the use of test volume ratios to identify intervention targets at VA hospitals. We aim investigate potential differences reported with those non-VA Methods/Case Report Using Vizient® Clinical Data Base permission from Vizient, Inc. (A...

many modern analytical methods deal with the trace-level determination of compounds of interest in highly complex environmental samples by means of chromatographic techniques. the introduction of a “clean” sample into an analytical instrument can make analyses easier and prolongs the equipment life. the use of solid-phase extraction (spe) has grown and is a fertile technique of sample preparati...

s:1640:"Background: Surrogacy is one of the most controversial procedures in infertility treatment. Despite increasing of using this technology in Iran, there are few practical data about surrogacy. There isn't any study assessing experiences of commissioning mothers about surrogate mother selection. The purpose of this study was exploring of commissioning mothers' experiences in sele...

The net analyte signal standard addition method was used for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of sertraline and fluoxetine in pharmaceutical preparations. The method combines the advantages of the standard addition method with the net analyte signal concept to enable the extraction of information about an analyte from the spectra of multi-component mixtures. This method uses full s...

in this paper, we have outlined the surrogate management framework for optimization of expensive functions. an initial simple iterative method which we call the “strawman” method illustrates how surrogates can be incorporated into optimization to stand in for the most expensive function. these ideas are made rigorous by incorporating them into the framework of pattern search methods. the smf al...

This short chapter introduces the SURROGATE data type, which is useful when modeling time-varying objects. Surrogates are unique identifiers that can be compared for equality, but the values of which cannot be seen by the users. In this sense, a surrogate is “pure” identity and does not describe a property (i.e., it has no observable value). For this reason, a SURROGATE data type cannot be trea...