The huge deficiency of electricity due to heavy reliance on imported fuels has become a significant impediment to socio-economic development in Pakistan. This scenario creates an increase in local fuel prices and limits potentials in the establishment of new industrial zones. The current gap between the demand and production of electricity in Pakistan is approximately 5000–8000 MW with a consta...

Related Articles Transformation of concentrated sunlight into laser radiation on small parabolic concentrators J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 3, 053102 (2011) A photovoltaic system with three solar cells and a band-stop optical filter J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 3, 023113 (2011) Parametric analysis of a coupled photovoltaic/thermal concentrating solar collector for electricity generation J...

Urban planning, in particular on protected landscape areas, demands an increasing role of public participation within the frame of the efficiency of sustainable planning process. The development of urban planning actions in Protected Landscape areas, as Sintra-Cascais Natural Park, should perform a methodological process that is structured over distinct sequential stages, providing the developm...

Nowadays, utilization of renewable energies for satisfying electricity demand has received more interest, and renewable electricity generation has been growing in the world. This study addresses the operational planning of a renewable electricity supply chain over a multi-period planning horizon. The purpose of this study is to maximize total profit and to optimize the operational decisions rel...

The objective of this paper is to review briefly the theory of contemporary sustainable landscape planning, to present a typology of landscape-planning methods and apply the typology to several landscape-planning frameworks and methods. Sustainability is an international policy goal with multiple dimensions and implications for planning. Landscape planning prescribes alternative spatial configu...

multistage stochastic programming is a key technology for making decisions over time in an uncertain environment. one of the promising areas in which this technology is implementable, is medium term planning of electricity production and trading where decision makers are typically faced with uncertain parameters (such as future demands and market prices) that can be described by stochastic proc...

In recent years increasing shares of variable RES (renewable energy sources) have changed the structure of electricity markets in Western Europe, especially in Germany. The core objective of this paper is to provide insights on the conditions to integrate even larger quantities of variable RES into the electricity system by using market-based principles and how, straightforward, a sustainable e...