The pharmacokinetic approach used for the BE assessment of systemically absorbed drugs is not considered appropriate to study the bioavailability (BA) and/or BE of topically applied drugs other than dosage forms such as transdermal patches and other products intended for local application which contain drugs intended for the systemic circulation. Apart from the analytical difficulty of measurin...

background: availability of antiretroviral therapies has transformed aids into a manageable chronic condition and im­proved well-being among people living with hiv/aids (pha) in developed countries. in developing countries however, such transformations are yet to occur due to socio-economic, systemic and environmental constraint. this study examined the impact of social, economic, psychological...

Neuro-inflammation is a reaction to brain injury involving the activation of glial cells and release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines which has a key role in neuro-degenerative diseases. Periodontitis is a microbiome-related dental inflammation caused by gram- negative bacteria that leads to connective tissue destruction and loss of teeth. Previous studies demonstrated...