Cardinal John Henry Newman's book, The Idea of a University, first published in the mid nineteenth century, is often invoked as the epitome of the liberal Enlightenment University in discussions and debates about the role and purpose of nurse education. In this article I will examine Newman's book in greater detail and with a more critical eye than is generally the case in the writing of nurse ...

Friedrich Albert Lange was a German philosopher, political theorist, educator, and psychologist who outlined an objective psychology in the 1860s. This article shows how some of the most important worldviews of the nineteenth century (Kantianism, Marxism, and Darwinism) were combined creatively in his thought system. He was crucial in the development of neo-Kantianism and incorporated psycho-ph...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the mathematical construct known as holonomy. Holonomy is a measurement of the change in a certain angle as one travels along a curve. For this paper, we will consider two physical situations which involve “traveling in a circle” and comparing an initial and final measurement of an angle. In the first case we will see how this angular disp...

In the decades immediately surrounding the Second World War, opportunities to hear Gustav Mahler's music in the European and American concert hall, on record or in radio broadcasts, and to read about it in scholarly or journalistic publications, though on the increase, were still relatively scarce. But, from its birth, I suggest that the film industry had all the time been busy unwittingly and ...

Historians of medicine have tended to be preoccupied primarily with scientific research, the development of therapeutically significant medicines, and ethical business practice. Roy Porter, however, adopted a wider conception. Referring to the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, he redefined the role of ‘‘the vile race of quacks’’ (so described by their own contemporaries) as a manifestati...

Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have tried to discuss the role of religion in modern societies. Freud himself saw religion as an illusion which had struck neurotics, while Slavoj Žižek viewed it as some sort of “perversion” which functioned in the cycle of law-transgression. In this essay, I dig into these theories to uncover traces of Lutheran interpretations of Paul’s words on the Jewish l...

Although the weather was sultry and warm, the boy shivered with high fever. Even a thick blanket was not adequate for his shivers. He was having these fevers for the last few days periodically. What he did not know was that within the next day he would go into a coma, and unless he was given quinine immediately, he might die. In the late nineteenth century, such malaria attacks were very common...

Adolphe Quetelet was one of the most prominent figures of the second half of the nineteenth century, yet in present-day histories of several social sciences the impact of his ideas is widely ignored. The first part consists of a sketch of his life and work. Astronomer and statistician, he sought to apply the mathematical tools of astronomy to create was has been called a 'mathematics of society...

T his is a useful, clearly written study of the philosophical origins of Menger's theorizing in economics . As the author points out in his conclusion: philosophy has been an accompanying presence at every stage in the development of Austrian economics. Moreover, "Action, that leitmotif of praxeology, has in the Austrian tradition received a distinctly Aristotelian analysis. Austrian economics ...