abstract this quasi-experimental study was aimed at examining the impact of storyline complexity on the grammatical accuracy and complexity of advanced and intermediate efl learners. a total of 65 advanced and intermediate efl learners were selected from iran language institute (ili). an intact group including 35 intermediate participants and another intact group with 30 advanced participants ...

Introduction: Driving a train is one of the high demand job due to high vigilance task requiring the ability to long periods monitor surrounding environment and recognizing signals. The aim of this study was to assess train drivers’ mental workload using heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Material and Method: An experimental design was conducted among 12 well-trained sub...

Objective: Stuttering is a speech disorder that occurs with frequent and abnormal disruptions in speech, such as sound repetition, sound prolongation, and sound or airflow blockage. Although various hypotheses and factors have been introduced including cognitive and linguistic factors, the etiology of stuttering has not been fully understood. According to the vicious circle hypothesis, increase...