[1] Geothermobarometric together with microand macro-structural data indicate ductile flow in the metamorphic core of the Himalaya in the Garhwal region of India. Peak metamorphic pressure and temperature increase dramatically across the Main Central Thrust (MCT) from !5 kbar and !550°C in the Lesser Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (LHCS) to !14 kbar and !850°C at !3 km above the MCT in the Grea...

Before its collision with Eurasia1–5, the Indian Plate moved rapidly, at rates exceeding 140mmyr−1 for a period of 20 million years1,3–7. This motion is 50 to 100% faster than the maximum sustained rate of convergence of themain tectonic plates today8. The cause of such high rates of convergence is unclear and not reproduced by numerical models9,10. Here we show that existing geological data11,...

The Kızıldağ (Hatay) ophiolite in southern Turkey represents a complete, although fault-dissected, remnant of oceanic lithosphere that formed within the South Tethyan ocean during late Cretaceous. forms part Upper Cretaceous belt which includes Troodos (Cyprus), Baer-Bassit (Syria), Amanos (S Tukey), S Iran and Semail (Oman) ophiolites. Ion-probe (SIMS) dating seven samples crustal rocks (cumul...

The Sanjiang Tethyan Metallogenic Domain refers to the Hengduan Mountain Range where Nujiang River, Lancang River and Jinsha run side by side, spanning western Yunnan, Sichuan, eastern Tibet southern Qinghai, including Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with an area of about 50 × 104 km2. range belongs part global Tethys-Himalayan Tectonic structurally, which is in region Gondwana Eu...

Deformation-resistant cratons comprise >60% of the continental landmass on Earth. Because they were formed mostly in Archean to Mesoproterozoic, it remains unclear if cratonization was a process unique early We address this question by presenting an integrated geological-geophysical data set from Tarim region central Asia. This shows that deformable domain Proterozoic Paleozoic, but defo...

It is recognized that magmatic activities have occurred along the Izmir Erzincan suture due to closure of Tethyan ocean. In western part Almus (Tokat), which situated around this zone, quartz veins fracture lines are observed in volcanics owing magmatism. There copper enrichments with an average thickness 70 cm volcanic rocks. Mineralization as vein type and epigenetic formation. Paragenesis co...

The “Carnian Crisis” is documented in basinal, shallow-marine and epicontinental northwestern Tethyan facies areas by, successively, (1) a demise of carbonate platforms and reefs in the Julian 1/IIc, (2) a major faunal and floral turnover in the Late Julian and (3) a significant extinction event affecting conodonts and ammonoids at the Julian/Tuvalian boundary. Based on the study of 19 successi...