background: the use of chemicals is essential in education resulting in exposure to these pollutant in a variety of chemical and research laboratories. chemical contaminants in chemical laboratories are in different forms and chemical exposure risk assessment is important for choosing appropriate controls in protecting the health of operators, experts and students. for risk assessment in chemic...

This paper investigates how fraud schemes can be integrated into the fraud risk assessment process and be incorporated into audit planning. A framework for assessing fraud risk using an evidential reasoning approach based on the belief-function formalism was developed in this paper. The framework extends fraud risk assessment models in prior fraud research in three respects. First, it integrate...

This study focused on the public transport risk assessment in District one of ​​Tehran through Fault Tree Analysis involving the three criteria of human, vehicle and road in Haddon matrix. In fact, it examined the factors contributing to the occurrence of road accidents at several urban black spots within District 1. Relying on road safety checklists and survey of experts, this study made an ef...

Over the past three decades, a formal risk assessment process has been developed to provide consistent and transparent methods for the assessment of potential human health risks from exposure to environmental chemicals. Given a focus on risk to human health, epidemiological studies that identify associations between exposure to environmental chemicals and adverse health effects in humans have t...

1. A biomarker is any substance, structure or process that can be measured in an organism, related to a specific exposure or effect or which can influence the incidence of the effect. Biomarkers can provide valuable information to aid chemical risk assessment processes and are used as investigative tools in both animal and human studies which aim to evaluate carcinogenic hazards and risk. The o...

In order for airports to manage the bird strike risk effectively, a risk assessment process needs to be carried out to identify the major hazards at the airport, the levels of risk that they produce, and the most cost effective means of reducing that risk. Despite the fact that bird controllers, managers and consultants make informal bird strike risk assessments throughout their working lives, ...

Until recently, regulatory authorities in developed countries used a “standard” model for analyzing health risks from food, developed to investigate other technological risks. We will begin by reviewing the characteristics and principal options of that model. Since the early 1980’s, a number of reported dysfunctions in the food chain have caused public opinion in several countries to become inc...

AS/NZS4360:2004 suggests that the risk assessment process should not be conducted or information gathered in isolation. This insular method of data collection may lead to inaccurate risk assessment, as stakeholders with vested interests may emphasise their own risks or game the risk assessment process. The study demonstrated how a consensual risk assessment approach may result in ...

Abstract There are a lot of risks in new product development projects. It’s very important to assess these risks accurately for the success of these projects. This paper proposed a risk assessment approach of NPD projects based on analytic network process (ANP) method. The effectiveness of the approach is tested by an actual NPD project. The results show that the approach can reflect the comple...