The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in colorectal carcinoma by detecting the expression of IE1-72, TLR2, TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colorectal carcinoma and colon adenoma samples, as well as by analyzing the mRNA levels of the proteins in colon cancer cell lines, following ...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed by human epidermal keratinocytes and are involved in immune responses. OBJECTIVE The goal of this was to investigate the expression of TLR2 in response to bacterial antigens, cytokines, and different calcium concentrations. METHODS The expression of TLR2 was assessed after stimulation by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and streptolysin O (SLO). In...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-derived molecules and influence immunity to control parasite infections. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4, the expression and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the production of nitric oxide (NO) i...

Milk contains bioactive molecules with important functions as defensive proteins; among them are the whey protein lactoferrin and proteins of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) present in buttermilk. The aim this study has been to investigate effects lactoferrin, whey, buttermilk modulators intestinal innate immunity oxidative stress on epithelial cells, evaluate its potential use for development...

PURPOSE Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a chronic inflammatory disease with markedly increased eosinophils, Th2-type lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and goblet cells. Fungi are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is important in the development of Th2 inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize evolutionarily conserved molecular motifs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) of infectious microbes and initiate innate immune response upon activation with relevant pathogens. This study investigated the acute effect of Salmonella Enteritidis challenge on TLR mRNA expression in cecum and spleen of birds from 3 distinct genetic lines. Chicks from broile...

Purpose: To investigate the regulatory effects of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) in progression postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).
 Methods: Isoflurane (ISO)-induced POCD model rats was established to determine role HSF-1 POCD. Morris water maze test used evaluate learning and memory abilities while mRNA protein levels were determined by RNA extraction/quantitative real-time polymera...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and glucocorticoids are widely recognized as mutually antagonistic regulators of adaptive immunity and inflammation. Surprisingly, we show here that they cooperatively regulate components of innate immunity. The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene encodes a transmembrane receptor critical for triggering innate immunity. Although TLR2 mRNA and protein are ind...

Results There was no statistical significance between 28 day mortality rate in the control group and that of thymosin group(35.7% vs 23.1%, P=0.310). TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA expressions in the thymosin group were respectively increased on enrollment day, day 3 and day 7, however, this increasing trend was not found in the control group. On day 3, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expressions in the thymosin...

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrous connective tissue that exists in the cementum and the alveolar bone. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by a bacterial infection in the periodontal region. This infection increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and causes the destruction of periodontal tissue. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear nonhis...