Two themes form the basis of this study on fibre reinforced laminated composites: namely 'thermal residual stress' and 'transverse cracking'. Thermal residual stresses are inherent to any composite structure and are internal stress within the structure that form during manufacture. Their formation arises from the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of the fibre and the matrix. These ...

A 5th order shear deformation theory considering transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain deformation effect is presented for static flexure   analysis of simply supported isotropic plate. The assumed displacement field accounts for non-linear variation of in-plane displacements as well as transverse displacement through the plate thickness. The condition of zero ...

large size direct shear tests (i.e.300 x 300mm) were conducted to investigate the interaction between clay reinforced with geogrids embedded in thin layers of sand. test results for the clay, sand, clay-sand, clay-geogrid, sandgeogrid and clay-sand-geogrid are discussed. thin layers of sand including 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14mm were used to increase the interaction between the clay and the geogrid...

in this paper, evaluation of torsional stiffness in beam and slab bridge deck elements is presented. a beam and slab bridge decks structurally behave as a grillage. a grillage has an efficient transverse load distribution due to transverse asymmetric load. in the case of bridge deck without transverse beams in the span, transverse load distribution depends on the torsional stiffness of longitud...

A review is made on the di€erent methods used for the estimation of transverse/interlaminar stresses in laminated composite plates and shells. Both analytical and numerical methods are considered. In numerical methods while the emphasis is given on ®nite element methods, other methods like the ®nite di€erence method is also brie ̄y discussed. Aspects considered are: e€ects of variation in geomet...

Under the proper orientations and excitations, the transverse output of rotationally symmetric four-contact van der Pauw (VDP) stress sensors depends upon only the in-plane shear stress or the difference of the in-plane normal stresses on (100) silicon. In bridgemode, each sensor requires only one four-wire measurement and produces an output voltage with a sensitivity that is 3.16 times that of...

Suppose a smooth dynamical system has an invariant subspace and a parameter that leaves the dynamics in the invariant subspace invariant while changing the normal dynamics. Then we say the parameter is a normal parameter, and much is understood of how attractors can change with normal parameters. Unfortunately, normal parameters do not arise very often in practise. We consider the behaviour of ...

In order to understand the correlation between the large and sensitive magneto-impedance (MI) effect in the tensile stress-annealed Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 and the transverse magnetic anisotropy on a microscopic scale, a Mössbauer effect study has been carried out. A series of ribbon samples were subject to thermal annealing with tensile stress s up to 60 MPa. MI mea...

In this paper, a displacement-based, variationally consistent, two variable refined theory for shear deformable beams is presented. The beam is assumed to be of linearly elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material and has a uniform rectangular cross-section. In this theory, the beam axial displacement and beam transverse displacement consist of bending components and shearing components. The assum...

In this research, effect of drought stress on leaf characteristics was investigated in the experimental field of Miandoab Azad University, Iran using four facultative barley cultivars. Two separate experiments were conducted in pot and field conditions. In both experiments a factorial arrangement was used and the treatments were completely randomized in four replications. In each experiment ha...