Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic and progressive medical condition common in postmenopausal women. Symptoms of VVA such as dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, irritation, and itching can negatively impact sexual function and quality of life. The REVIVE (REal Women's VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey assessed knowledge about VVA and recorded attitudes about...

BACKGROUND Vaginal atrophy is a chronic condition with symptoms that include vaginal dryness, pain during sex, itching, irritation, burning, and discharge, as well as various urinary problems. Up to 45% of postmenopausal women may be affected, but it often remains underreported and undertreated. This article aims to review the current recommendations for treatment of vaginal atrophy, and curren...

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common cause of vaginal irritation in women and is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. It has been associated with serious sequelae, the most notable of which are prematurity, low birth weight, and increases in human immunodeficiency virus transmission. We review advances in diagnosis and treatment and the current controversie...

A potential strategy that can be used to combat the worldwide AIDS epidemic is the development of a vaginal microbicide that prevents the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Certain CC chemokines, including RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, might facilitate the development of such microbicides since they potently suppress HIV-1 infection by binding to CCR5, the ...

Vaginal atrophy is a common condition among postmenopausal women, among whom many exhibit both vulvovaginal symptoms (eg, dryness, irritation, itching, and pain with intercourse) and urinary symptoms (eg, increased frequency, urgency, incontinence, urinary tract infections, and dysuria). Unfortunately, few women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy report seeking treatment from a health care provid...

The present study concerned with the development and characterization of metronidazole microcapsules prepared by thermal change method using different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:4) of ethyl cellulose in order to select the best microcapsule formulation with a good encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile. The obtained microcapsules were discrete, spherical with free flowing properties and ...

The present study concerned with the development and characterization of metronidazole microcapsules prepared by thermal change method using different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:4) of ethyl cellulose in order to select the best microcapsule formulation with a good encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile. The obtained microcapsules were discrete, spherical with free flowing properties and ...

CONTEXT Symptoms suggestive of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) constitute one of the most common reasons for women to visit clinicians. Although the clinical encounter typically involves taking a history and performing a physical examination, the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical assessment for UTI remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To review the accuracy and precision of history taking and p...

Objective: There is an urgent need for safe, effective and acceptable vaginal barrier methods for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. A variety of existing spermicides have the potential to be used both for prevention of STDs and unwanted pregnancy. Unfortunately, very little is known about formulation preferences and the desirable characteristics of vaginal p...