normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa laryngocele is an air-filled, abnormal dilation of the laryngeal saccule that extends upward within the false vocal fold, in communication with the laryngeal lumen. a case of 43-year-old male with bilateral internal laryngoceles, who has been treated as asthma for 4 years, is presented. the patient had dyspnea, cough, and excessive phlegm for a mont...

Background in qualitative performance analysis. Gesture has an impact on the expression and communicative process. It is through the use of gesture that inner cognitive processes are translated into external form. These gestures can be thematically coded to elucidate the information transmission system, in which gesture plays an active constructive role linking thought and gesture. The implicat...

High background noise is an important obstacle in successful signal detection and perception of an intended acoustic signal. To overcome this problem, many animals modify their acoustic signal by increasing the repetition rate, duration, amplitude or frequency range of the signal. An alternative method to ensure successful signal reception, yet to be tested in animals, involves the use of two d...

Vocal communication is an important method squirrels (Sciuridae) use to transfer information from one individual others. While behaviors associated with vocal have been explored in species or single call-types specific groups of squirrels, no comprehensive review these exists for Sciuridae. Herein, I the current literature describe three squirrels: ground tree and flying squirrels. discuss beha...

Salient sounds such as those created by drumming can serve as means of nonvocal acoustic communication in addition to vocal sounds. Despite the ubiquity of drumming across human cultures, its origins and the brain regions specialized in processing such signals remain unexplored. Here, we report that an important animal model for vocal communication, the macaque monkey, also displays drumming be...

background:speech is the most important communication tool and is the smooth product of four systems: respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory. currently, a variety of voice disorder occurred because of life style and environmental pollutants. vocal nodule is one of the most prevalent disorders in this category. considering the point that the air required for vocal cords vibration i...